Document Details
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Document Type |
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Thesis |
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Document Title |
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Comparative Anatomical Taxonomical Studies on some Species of family Loranthaceae parasitic on trees in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia دراسات تصنيفية تشريحية مقارنة على بعض أنواع الفصيلة العنمية المتطفلة على الأشجار في المملكة العربية السعودية |
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Subject |
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biological sciences department |
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Document Language |
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Arabic |
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Abstract |
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The family Loranthacaea is a largest family that belong to the order Santalales its include about 75 genus belong to 1000 species, almost three of these species are parasites on the roots accounted 60%, while the remaining parasites on branches of the stems of trees 40%, and know as Mistletoe. Widespread of this species in general in tropics, warm environments and the cold regions such as New zealand. About six species are growing in the Western, North and South western regions of Saudi Arabia, which are distributed through the high mountains. The aim of the present work is to the morphological description and the anatomical structures of stems, leaves of the Loranthaceae species: Plicosepalus acacia, Plicosepalus curviflorus, Phragmanthera austroarabica, Oncocalyx schimperi, Oncocalyx glabratus, Tapinanthus globiferus. The result of haustoria morphological features of the studied species show the presence of important characters, which can be used for dividing Loranthaceae species into two groups: the first group can be distinguish by Epicortical roots which consist of Plicosepalus acacia and P. curviflorus. Plicosepalus acacia characterized by roots that are secondary points of contact at intervals with the host, whereas P. curviflorus the secondary roots wrapped on the host and does not constitute points of contact with the host. The second group includes: Phragmanthera austroarabica, Oncocalyx schimperi, O. glabratus and Tapinanthus globiferus, which are characterized with union solitary roots. This group divided into two sub-groups based on the present of the wood roses: the first sub-group consist of Phragmanthera austroarabica which can be distinguish by the present of wood roses; whereas the second sub-group includes Oncocalyx schimperi, O. glabratus and Tapinanthus globiferu which their not form the wood roses. Tapinanthus globiferus characterized by the haustoria with no secondary growth, in the later stages; but the others have secondary growth in the early stage. Diversity of host and wide geographical distribution distinguish Oncocalyx schimperi, whereas, the limited of the host diversity and narrow geographic distribution distinguish O. glabratus. The result of morphological features can be used for dividing Loranthaceae species into two groups: the first group can be distinguish by Inflorescences in group raceme and umble which consist of Oncocalyx schimperi and O. glabratus . Oncocalyx schimperi characterized by Five petals 3 erect and 2 curved inside, whereas O. glabratus have Five petals all curved outside. The second group includes: Plicosepalus acacia, Plicosepalus curviflorus, Phragmanthera austroarabica and Tapinanthus globiferus which are characterized with Inflorescences in umbel form. This group divided into two sub-groups based on union of Petals: the first sub-group consists of Plicosepalus curviflorus which can be distinguish by Petals free; whereas the second sub-group includes Plicosepalus acacia, Phragmanthera austroarabica and Tapinanthus globiferus which their Petals united in tube. Plicosepalus acacia characterized by interior petals folded; but the others were distinguished by non folded interior petals. The Leaf apex acute with dense hairs was distinguish in Phragmanthera austroarabica, whereas, the Leaf apex round, hairs absent in Tapinanthus globiferus. The anatomical study of the woody stem and the leaves of investigated species show number of anatomical characters that can be used in the separation of studied species into two group: the first group consists of Phragmanthera austroarabica and Tapinanthus globiferus which can be distinguish by the isobilateral leaves and the width of the long ray in woody stem between 1.21 to 2.19 microns. Phragmanthera austroarabica can be distinguish by the presence of collenchyma supporting tissue at the base of vascular bundle, and the axial parenchyma in woody stem two type paratracheal axial parenchyma (PAp) & solitary apotracheal axial parenchyma (AAp), whereas Tapinanthus globiferus distinguish by the presence of collenchyma supporting tissue at top and bottom of vascular bundle, and the axial parenchyma in woody stem only one type PAp. The second group includes: Plicosepalus acacia, Plicosepalus curviflorus, Oncocalyx schimperi and O. glabratus which their leaves are isolateral and the width of the long ray in woody stem between 0.22 to 1 micron. Both of Plicosepalus acacia and P. curviflorus are characterized by one main vascular bundle in midrib, and the presence of one type of ray (long ray ). The crystals present in the mesophyll of leaves and the axial parenchyma in woody stem two type PAp & AAp in groups distinguish Plicosepalus acacia. The crystals absent in the mesophyll of leaves and the axial parenchyma in woody stem Pap distinguish Plicosepalus curviflorus. The two other species: Oncocalyx schimperi and O. glabratus characterized by more than one vascular bundle, and the presence of two type of ray (long and short rays). Oncocalyx schimperi characterized by the presence of collenchyma supporting tissue at the base of vascular bundle, and wall thickness of the fiber in woody stem ranging between 0.07-0.08 microns. Whereas, O. glabratus distinguish by the presence of collenchyma supporting tissue at top and bottom of vascular bundle, and wall thickness of the fiber in woody stem ranging between 0.03 to 0.05 microns. Three taxonomic keys are based on morphological characteristics of the haustoria and morphological characteristics of plant, in addition to the anatomical characteristics of stems and leaves. The study provided statistical analysis by SPSS program for quantitative morphological and anatomical characters, and use MVSP program for qualitative morphological and anatomical characters. |
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Supervisor |
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Dr. Nahed Mourad Waly |
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Thesis Type |
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Master Thesis |
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Publishing Year |
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1433 AH
2011 AD |
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Added Date |
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Wednesday, December 21, 2011 |
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Researchers
| رحمه ناصر القثانين | ALQTHANIN, RAHMAH NASER | Researcher | Master | |
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