Document Details
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Document Type |
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Thesis |
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Document Title |
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Effect of Cigarettes Smoking on Saudi Men Bones تأثيرتدخين السجائر على صحة العظم في الرجال السعوديين |
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Subject |
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Biochemistry department |
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Document Language |
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Arabic |
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Abstract |
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Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder characterized by low bone mass and loss of bone tissue that may lead to weak and fragile bone. It is affected by numerous factors, including age, dietary factors, lack of exercise, menopause, underweight, excessive alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking. The aim of the present study is to investigate the influence of cigarette smoking on BMD and examine the relation between cigarette smoking and vitamin D among Saudi men. A total of ninety-six males, aged between 32–50 years, were divided into 4 groups according to their smoking status: non smoker (n=26), light smoker (n=18), moderate smoker (n=26) and heavy smoker (n=26). Participants visited the Center of Excellence for Osteoporosis Research (CEOR) at King Abdul Aziz University and completed a questionnaire about medical history, lifestyle and smoking habits. Written informed consent was obtained from all participating men. Bone density was measured using dual-energy X ray absorptiometry (DXA) at three sites, the lumbar spine (L1-L4), femur neck and total hip. Serum calcium, phosphate, magnesium, intact parathyroid hormone, 25-OHD, osteocalcin and carboxy-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen were measured. We found that bone mineral density at femur neck was significantly lower in light and heavy smoker groups compared to non smoker group but no statistical significant difference were found between the studied groups as regard to BMD at lumbar spine (L1-L4) and total hip. BMD were positively correlated with body mass index and waist to hip ratio in heavy smoker group and negatively correlate with number of years smoked. Nearly 69% of our study population had low serum 25-OHD levels (<25nmol/L). In the heavy smoker group, 80% had vitamin D deficiency (<25 nmol/L) compared with 46% in the non-smoker group. There were a significant negative correlation between serum 25-OHD and number of cigarettes smoked daily, BMI and PTH level in heavy smoker group. Also a significant negative correlation was found between s-CTX and serum 25-OHD in the heavy smoker group. There was a significant positive correlation between both s-OC (bone formation marker) and s-CTX (bone resorption marker) with PTH in the heavy smoker group. In conclusion, smoking was associated with reduced BMD in the heavy smoker group and the smoking duration (years) had a stronger effect on BMD than the number of cigarettes smoked daily. Low 25-OHD, BMI, WHR and higher PTH were significant risk factors for low BMD among men in this study. |
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Supervisor |
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Dr. Sawsan Omar Khojah |
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Thesis Type |
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Master Thesis |
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Publishing Year |
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1433 AH
2012 AD |
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Co-Supervisor |
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Prof. Mohammad Saleh Alardawi |
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Added Date |
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Sunday, May 20, 2012 |
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Researchers
| سلوى محمد الهاشمي | Alhashemi, Salwa Mohammed | Researcher | Master | |
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