Document Details
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Document Type |
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Thesis |
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Document Title |
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Is Alzheimer's disease a type 3 diabetes? As the possible link between diabetes and neurodegenerative in Saudi population هل مرض الزهايمر يعتبر النوع الثالث من مرض السكري؟ الارتباط المحتمل بين السكري والأمراض العصبية في المجتمع السعودي |
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Subject |
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Faculty of Science |
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Document Language |
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Arabic |
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Abstract |
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The prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in the Middle East including Saudi Arabia is increasing rapidly heightening the importance of finding effective preventive therapies for this devastating disease. Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) is considered as an independent risk factor for cognitive impairments. This study discusses shared cellular and molecular connections between T2DM and AD for terming Type 3 Diabetes (T3DM). Saudi elderly subjects (age ≥ 65 years) from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, participated in this study in a period starting from July 2018 to January 2019. A control group (n=100) healthy individuals; T2DM group without dementia (n=100) and, AD group (n=100) without T2DM. Body mass index (BMI), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c%), Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), metabolic hormones (insulin like growth factor- 1 (IGF-1), amylin (AMY) and leptin (LEP)), neurologic biomarker (amyloid beta (1-40) (Aβ (1-40)), cholinergic neuron markers (acetylcholine (ACh) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE)), systemic inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 1- beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)), antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)) and genetic risk factor (Apoε4), measured for all groups. The results of the study showed that T2DM and AD patients have a positive correlation between; BMI and LEP; MMSE and IGF-1 and antioxidant enzymes (SOD); IGF-1 and AMY and antioxidant enzymes (CAT); Aβ (1-40) and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β); ACh and antioxidant enzymes (CAT); AChE and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6). T2DM and AD patients had a negative correlation between: MMSE and HbA1c% and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β); IGF-1 and HbA1c%, Aβ (1-40); cholinergic neuron markers (AChE) and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α); ACh and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α); CAT and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β). Apoε4 carriers had more significantly lower ability to degrade Aβ than Apoε4 non-carriers. These results suggest a decrease in metabolic hormones, cholinergic neuron markers, antioxidant enzymes levels and an increase in neurologic biomarker, inflammatory, oxidative stress markers. Apoε4 might be shared the cellular and molecular features, memory, and cognitive decline linking T2DM and AD. In conclusion: We conclude that the term “type 3 diabetes” accurately reflects the fact that AD represents a form of diabetes (DM) that selectively involves the brain and has molecular and biochemical features that overlap with both type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and T2DM. IGF-1 and AMY could be considered as predictors, and Apoε gene as a genetic risk factor for the development of AD in T2DM in the Saudi population. |
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Supervisor |
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Prof. Safa Yousef Qusti |
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Thesis Type |
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Doctorate Thesis |
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Publishing Year |
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1441 AH
2020 AD |
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Co-Supervisor |
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Prof. Madeha N. Alseeni |
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Added Date |
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Monday, June 8, 2020 |
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Researchers
| فاطمة عبده خرمي | Khormi, Fatimah Abdou | Researcher | Doctorate | |
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