Document Details
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Document Type |
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Thesis |
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Document Title |
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EFFECT OF ANTHROPOGENIC TOPOGRAPHIC DEFORMATION ON HYDROLOGICAL RESPONSE IN MAKKAH CITY, SAUDI ARABIA تأثير التغيرات الطبوغرافية الناتجة عن التدخل البشري على الاستجابة الهيدرولوجية لأودية مدينة مكة المكرمة ، المملكة العربية السعودية |
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Subject |
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Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture |
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Document Language |
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Arabic |
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Abstract |
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The anthropogenic activities such as urbanization, overexploitation of groundwater recharge, land use landcover changes, extended construction projects, and improved road networks through cutting the mountains can affect topographic and watershed conditions. The aim of this study is to measure the deformation velocity using PS-InSAR technique and to investigate the effect of anthropogenic activities on the stream network and stream flow of the watershed. The study area is Makkah City, in the western part of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia which has rapid infrastructure development and is the most important place for Muslims over the world. The deformation velocity was calculated using Sentinel-1 satellite images and the StaMPS code in SNAP, MATLAB, and R software. The four DEM datasets (SRTM, ALOS, Copernicus, Sentinel-1) were compared to the topographic map of Makkah City and GPS data in order to assess the quality of the DEM elevation. Arc Hydro tools was used to extract morphometric and Horton-Strahler ratios characteristics to create a GIUH hydrograph of the watersheds of Wadi Nouman, Wadi Al-Sharaea, and Wadi Ibrahim inside Makkah City. The results show that deformation velocity in Makkah city ranged from -19.1 to +19.1 mm/year in the period December 2017 to January 2019. Based on the DEM comparison, Copernicus and SRTM have the highest accuracy with R2 = 0.978 and 0.976, respectively and the lowest RMSE are 3.89 m and 4.23 m, respectively. Sentinel-1 and ALOS has the lowest R2 with 0.902 and 0.968, and the highest RMSE = 6.31 m and 4.27 m, respectively. GIUH Copernicus DEM on wadi Nouman has a higher q_p and lower t_p (0.21 1/hr and 2.66 hr) than SRTM (0.20 1/hr and 2.75 hr), respectively. Copernicus also showed similarity in wadi Al-Sharaea (q_p 0.28 1/hr and t_p 2.05 hr) compared to SRTM (q_p 0.24 1/hr and t_p 2.32 hr). Due to the wadi having two shapes, the SRTM has a greater q_p and lower t_p than Copernicus in wadi Ibrahim. The stream network in the mountain area is almost similar for SRTM and Copernicus due to the dominant influence of the mountainous relief and the relatively inconsequential influence of anthropogenic activities and DEM noise. In the urban area, the variation of the stream network extracted from SRTM is high due to differing DEM noise and significant anthropogenic activities such as urban redevelopment. Indeed, the Copernicus DEM features the most reliable data quality compared to other open-source DEM and represents the most recent data.
Keywords: Anthropogenic activities, Deformation, PS-InSAR, DEM, GIS and Remote Sensing, Makkah City |
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Supervisor |
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Prof. Mohamed Elhag |
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Thesis Type |
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Master Thesis |
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Publishing Year |
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1444 AH
2022 AD |
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Co-Supervisor |
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Dr. Anis Chaabani |
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Added Date |
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Sunday, February 19, 2023 |
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Researchers
| أسيف محمد هداية الله | Hidayatulloh, Asep Mohammed | Researcher | Master | |
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