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Document Type |
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Thesis |
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Document Title |
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The Effect of Stress caused by Covid-19 on Non-Syndromic Orofacial Clefts: A case-control study تأثير الإجهاد الناجم عن جائحة كوفيد-١٩ على الشقوق الفموية الغير متلازميه: دراسة الحالات والشواهد |
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Subject |
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Faculty of Dentistry |
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Document Language |
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Arabic |
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Abstract |
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Background: Orofacial clefts are one of most prevalent congenital anomalies. Orofacial clefts are broadly classified as syndromic and non-syndromic (NSOFC). Maternal peri-conceptional stress is an area of study in the etiology of NSOFC. In 2019, the Covid-19 pandemic started, the pandemic elicited many social changes and uncertainties that resulted in stress. Aim: Primary: to assess the association of maternal exposure to stress during the first trimester of pregnancy and pre-gestational period caused by Covid-19 pandemic on NSOFC in Saudi Arabia. Secondary: to assess the association between different environmental factors during the first trimester of pregnancy and pre-gestational period on NSOFC in Saudi Arabia Materials and Methods: Institutional Review Board (IRB) approvals from included hospitals and centers were obtained. NSOFC cases were recruited from main hospitals in the main regions of Saudi Arabia, and main orofacial clefts referral centers. Cases were clinically examined and clefts were classified using the LASHAL classification system. Controls that matched the cases in date of birth, and city of birth were recruited at a ratio of 1:2. Cases and controls were surveyed using a validated questionnaire. Maternal stress was measured using the Fear of Covid-19 scale and the Modifies Life Events Questionnaire Data was analyzed using SPSS Statistics 19. The significance level was set at p= 0.05. Results: Our sample size was 557 infants,191 cases were matched with appropriate 366 controls. Males constituted 54.5% of the cases group and 51.9% of the control group; females constituted 45.5% of the cases group and 48.1% of the control group. Cases of CL/P represented 71.2% of the cases, and CP represented 28.8%. Regression analysis revealed a significant association between NSOFC and an increase in fear of Covid-19 scale (p= 0.04), having a relative with birth defect (p< 0.001, OR: 8.87, and 95% CI 5-15.7), with experiencing threatened abortion (p= 0.007, OR 0.17, and 95% CI 0.05- 0.62), and with Folic acid intake (p= 0.008, OR: 0.56, and 95% CI 0.36-0.86). CP regression analysis only revealed an association with having relatives with birth defects and consanguinity. Conclusion: Stress is associated with NSOFC; however, further objective investigations are warranted. |
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Supervisor |
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Dr. Heba Sabbagh |
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Thesis Type |
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Master Thesis |
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Publishing Year |
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1444 AH
2023 AD |
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Co-Supervisor |
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Dr. Rana Alamoudi |
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Added Date |
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Tuesday, July 18, 2023 |
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Researchers
| منى طلال الشريف | AlSharif, Mona | Researcher | Master | |
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