Document Details

Document Type : Thesis 
Document Title :
Evaluation of COVID-19 Vaccines Effectiveness in Inducing Neutralizing Immunity among Saudi Population
تقييم مدى فعالية لقاحات كوفيد 19 في تكوين مناعة مضادة بين المواطنين السعوديين
 
Subject : Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences 
Document Language : Arabic 
Abstract : COVID-19 vaccines require further assessment of their effectiveness. This is emphasized particularly when individuals with comorbidities such as, obesity, and iron deficiency anemia were linked with weakened immunity and thereby reduced vaccine outcomes. Hence was the main aim of this thesis to investigate COVID-19 vaccines effectiveness in inducing neutralizing humoral immune response against SARS-CoV-2 among obese and iron deficient subjects separately while providing a side-by-side comparison with normal controls. For this investigation two separate studies were done. The first study comprised the obese population with their corresponding control (n=119) and the second study comprised the iron deficient population with their corresponding control (n=130). The obese population was divided into normal controls (n=46) and study group belonging to different classes of obesity (class I, II, III, and super obesity) (n=73) depending on their body mass index (BMI). The iron deficient population contained 67 controls and 63 subjects with iron and hemoglobin levels impairments. Both populations were from both genders and received two shots of COVID-19 vaccinations. Blood samples were collected from both populations and were subjected to an in-house spike (S)-based and nucleocapsid (NP)-based enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) along with serum neutralization assay (SNA) to analyze the neutralizing activity of the antibodies. The S-based ELISA results identified high prevalence rates of anti-S antibodies in both the obese population (98.32%; 117/119) and the iron deficient population (96.92%; 126/130). However, the SNA results identified a notable reduction (p=0.01) in the neutralizing activity of those antibodies in the obese population (60/73; 82.19%) compared to controls (45/46; 97.83%), while maintained their activity in the iron deficient population (65/67; 97.01%) compared to the control group (60/63; 95.24%). The analysis did not identify any relationship between the vaccine effectiveness and the gender, past COVID-19 infection, homologous and heterologous vaccines doses, and period after last vaccination for both populations. In conclusion, COVID-19 vaccines are highly effective in inducing neutralizing humoral immunity in healthy and iron deficient individuals. However, it is likely that obesity could reduce the vaccine-induced neutralizing immunity. It is advised to replicate this study with larger sample to draw conclusive conclusions. 
Supervisor : Dr. Thamer Al-Andijani 
Thesis Type : Master Thesis 
Publishing Year : 1445 AH
2023 AD 
Added Date : Tuesday, October 17, 2023 

Researchers

Researcher Name (Arabic)Researcher Name (English)Researcher TypeDr GradeEmail
أسماء عبدالرحمن باوزيرBawazir, Asmaa AbdulrahmanResearcherMaster 

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